麻疹疫苗预防犬瘟热的试验研究*

 为调查麻疹疫苗用于预防犬瘟热的可行性,选择同窝8只土种幼犬,按2～2.5人份/犬的剂量对A组幼犬（n=3）进行2次麻疹弱毒疫苗接种,应用微量中和试验测定免疫前及每次免疫后第7d血清中的犬瘟热病毒（CDV）中和抗体效价,并转移加强免疫犬外周循环全血［（3.2～3.5）mL/犬］给未免疫B组犬（n=3）,3d后用Vero细胞分离培养的第3代CDV昆明分离株,以2000个TCID 50（相当于5600 PFU）/犬的剂量对上述2组犬和对照C组犬（n=2）进行肌肉注射或滴鼻攻毒。结果发现：不论是否接种麻疹弱毒疫苗,所有犬只均未产生可检测到的CDV中和抗体（效价低于1∶4）;攻毒后连续观察14 d,A组与B组均未出现犬瘟热临床症状,C组出现明显的犬瘟热症状但未死亡。以上结果表明：麻疹弱毒疫苗不能诱导犬产生CDV中和抗体,但可诱导产生有效的抗CDV感染的细胞免疫力。     

Cross-Sectional Imaging Characteristics of Pituitary Adenomas, Invasive Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas in Dogs: 33 Cases (1988–2006)

Background: Pituitary tumors in dogs can be adenomas, invasive adenomas, or adenocarcinomas. In people, invasive adenomas and pituitary adenocarcinomas carry a worse prognosis than adenomas.
Hypothesis/Objective: To identify differentiating features on cross-sectional imaging in dogs with pituitary adenomas, invasive adenomas, and adenocarcinomas.
Animals: Thirty-three dogs that had computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed and a necropsy diagnosis of pituitary adenoma ( n = 20), invasive adenoma ( n = 11), or adenocarcinoma ( n = 2).
Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for signalment, history, and diagnosis. CT and MR images were reviewed for characteristics of pituitary tumors.
Results: Mean (± standard deviation) age for dogs with pituitary adenomas (10.6 ± 2.9 years) was greater than that of those with invasive adenomas (8.3 ± 2.7 years, P = .04). Eighteen out of 20 (90%) dogs with adenomas had contrast-enhancing masses. Thirteen out of 20 (65%) had homogeneous enhancement. Mean adenoma height was 1.2 ± 0.7 cm. Eight out of 20 (40%) adenomas were round and 8/20 (40%) compressed surrounding brain. Eleven out of 11 dogs (100%) with invasive adenomas had contrast-enhancing masses. Seven out of 11 (64%) masses were homogeneous. Mean invasive adenoma height was 1.8 ± 0.7 cm, which was significantly greater than adenomas ( P = .03). Mass shape varied from round to oval to irregular. Six out of 11 (55%) masses compressed surrounding brain. Clinical and imaging features were variable for 2 dogs with adenocarcinomas.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Invasive adenoma should be suspected if a dog with a pituitary tumor is <7.7 years of age and has a mass >1.9 cm in vertical height. Adenocarcinomas are uncommon and metastatic lesions were not seen with imaging.     

Hepatic Volume Measurements in Dogs with Extrahepatic Congenital Portosystemic Shunts before and after Surgical Attenuation

Background: In dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), the ability of the hypoplastic liver to grow is considered important for recovery after surgical shunt attenuation.
Objectives: This study investigated hepatic growth after extrahepatic shunt attenuation in dogs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with single extrahepatic CPSS.
Methods: Abdominal MRI, CT, or both were performed before and 8 days, 1, and 2 months after shunt attenuation. Liver volumes were calculated from the areas of the MRI or CT images.
Results: Before surgery, median liver volume was 18.2 cm³/kg body weight. Liver volume increased significantly after surgery. Growth was highest between days 0 and 8 and decreased afterward. Median liver volume was 28.8 cm³/kg at 2 months after attenuation. No significant differences in growth were found between dogs with complete or partial shunt closure or between dogs with complete or incomplete metabolic recovery. Volumes measured from consecutively performed MRI and CT images correlated well ( r = 0.980), but volumes from MRI images were significantly larger than volumes from CT images (6.8%; P = .008).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: After shunt attenuation, rapid normalization of liver size was observed. Hepatic growth was not decreased in dogs after partial closure of CPSS or in dogs with subclinical, persistent shunting 2 months after surgery. CT is the preferred imaging method for volumetric estimation because of speed.     

Dye injection for predicting pesticide movement in micro-irrigated polyethylene film mulch beds

A new method is described for tracing water movement in polyethylene film covered soil beds. Dye was delivered via a drip tape micro-irrigation system which was placed in the bed as the soil beds were shaped and covered with polyethylene film. The dye was injected into the system and irrigated with water for 4-24 h at 0.41-1.38 bar (41-138 kPa) pressure depending on the experiment. The dye appeared as blue circles on the soil surface within 20 min of injection and produced a three-dimensional pattern in the soil profile. Injection-irrigation-pressure scenarios were evaluated by measuring dye movement directly below and between emitters by sliding fabricated blades vertically into the bed at the desired examination point and excavating the soil away from the blade. The dye typically produced a U shape on the face of the bed and the area was calculated for each of these exposed faces. The area increased as the length of irrigation and water pressure increased. Interrupted irrigation (pulsing) scenarios did not alter the calculated areas encompassed by the dye compared to uninterrupted irrigation scenarios. The blue dye provided a direct, inexpensive and easy method of visualizing water movement in soil beds. This information will be used to optimize application of emulsifiable plant-care products in polyethylene film mulch beds.     

CT2000对不同日龄肉用鹌鹑生产性能的影响

2 4 0羽 1 7日龄肉用鹌鹑随机分成 4组 ,每组设不同处理 ,38日龄称重。在不同日龄段 ,以不同方式添喂不同剂量CT2 0 0 0 ,观察其对日增重的影响。结果 :在 2 4～ 38日龄段每天添加CT2 0 0 0 ,在 31～ 38日龄段每周一次性添加CT2 0 0 0可以显著提高肉用鹌鹑的生产性能 ;而在 1 7～ 38日龄段每天添加CT2 0 0 0没有此作用。提示CT2 0 0 0有提高肉用鹌鹑生产性能的作用 ,但不同的添加阶段和添加方式对结果有不同的影响。     

水分调控对玉环柚防裂效果的试验初报

为了降低玉环柚的裂果率，本文根据玉环县的气象特点和果园的水分“亏盈”状况，进行了裂果原因的探讨及其水分“补亏减盈”的调控试验，裂果率得到较大幅度的下降．     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE CANINE NASAL PASSAGES

A normal German shepherd dog underwent CT imaging with contiguous 10 mm thick images made of the nasal cavity from the caudal limit of the frontal sinuses to the rostral aspect of the nose. Normal structures were identified. This normal anatomic information will be of use in assessing CT images of dogs suspected of having nasal cavity disease.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF SEVERE SMALL AIRWAY DISEASE IN A PUPPY USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

A young Golden Retriever dog developed severe respiratory distress following an initial clinical diagnosis of infectious tracheobronchitis. Severe expiratory flow limitation, associated with exertional respiratory distress and hypoxemia was present. Thoracic images obtained with conventional radiography were characterized by hyperinflation and abnormal bronchial and alveolar patterns. Computed tomography was performed and in conjunction with pulmonary functional changes was diagnostic of small airway disease. The dog was treated with a variety of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, and antitussives, but the clinical signs worsened and the puppy was euthanized. Pathologic examination confirmed severe small airway disease, with emphysema and bronchiolitis.     

RADIOGRAPHIC SENSITIVITY AND NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR ACUTE CANINE SPINAL TRAUMA

The objectives of this study were to establish the sensitivity and negative predictive value of radiography for acute spinal osseous lesions in the canine trauma patient, and to evaluate the interobserver variability in radiographic assessment of the spine in traumatized dogs. This was a retrospective multiple observer blinded study. The study population included 30 canine patients that presented following acute trauma, with clinical signs attributable to the spinal column. Radiography and computed tomography (CT) were performed in all cases. Radiographic interpretation was performed independently by four observers with different experience levels who were blinded to clinical information (other than trauma) and the CT results. CT studies were interpreted by a further three radiologists who formed a consensus opinion on the presence of specific osseous lesions. Using the CT results as a gold standard, the sensitivities and negative predictive values of radiography for specific osseous lesions were calculated. Interobserver agreement was also evaluated. Radiography was found to have only a moderate sensitivity for fractures (72%) and subluxations (77.5%). Low negative predictive values were found for the presence of vertebral canal narrowing (58%) and fracture fragments within the vertebral canal (51%). Interobserver agreement was only moderate to fair for most lesion types. In conclusion, radiography cannot be used to reliably rule out potentially unstable acute vertebral lesions in the canine trauma patient, and further imaging is therefore often indicated in the patient with a high risk of such injuries.